After oxen were introduced to Guinea Bissau by Portuguese sailors in the 15th century, its strength, aggression, and nobility quickly became integrated into their initiation rituals. The curves and expressive features of this mask helped young men take on the mantle of full adulthood by immersing them in the character of the ox.
Masks representing dugn’be, meaning “the ox raised in the village,” are used in young men’s initiation ceremonies in the Bijagós Islands, on the Atlantic coast of Guinea-Bissau.
